And, once again, as we link student’s visual experience into their ever growing language arts skills we strengthen their ways of interacting and communicating with the world. Considering annotation as a critical and creative activity, we can design and practice this skill in a multitude of ways. Strong readers often mark texts and this visual work is deeply linked to the reading experience. When we have a text and the text is ours, annotating becomes our visual record of the reading experience. Once the text was theirs, they were free to ‘mark’ the text, to visually interact with the text, to tell the text what they see, feel, think, and/or remember. When I taught our ESOL transitional class I secured the funds to buy students a copy of one of the books we read. Defined in this manner, what a person, a teacher, a student, a reader chooses to annotate and how is open ended. The key is the framework and to think of annotation as a visual record of the reading experience. Even with similar instructions the annotations above are different. I don’t think the exact assignment or annotative directive is always the key. I can’t tell you how many texts I’ve seen highlighted in yellow with little or no explanation.Īnnotative student work on Henry Petroski’s The Evolution of Useful Things As you can see below, the text/ the essay becomes it’s own visual record. So, for example, if I were to ask students to annotate parts of the text that seemed difficult I would request highlighting in a particular color with some comment. From this delightful conversation, I began to experiment with colors as a way of marking texts. Years ago in conversation with a friend during a seminar on reading and writing, we discussed a method of annotating texts. Easily accessible, all these words and images can seem distant from any kind of classroom practice. Seus, Simms Taback, Rosemary Wells or Chris Ware, Marjane Satrapi or even Tom Phillips. We have such a wonderful history of visual texts and the contemporary examples for readers of all ages abounds - think Dr. ![]() If we have happened upon an exhibit on or offline, we might recall illuminated manuscripts. (References and examples of underlined/annotated text are included.When we think of visual design and books, we might consider children’s picture books, or comics. The ultimate goals are for students to be able to see how concepts relate to one another and to be able to put these ideas into their own words, for it is only when synthesis and rephrasing occur that instructors can be relatively sure that students understand text. ![]() The reading instructor must also follow certain guidelines in teaching annotation/underlining, such as providing direct instruction through modeling, giving students time for practice, and offering verbal and written feedback about the strengths and weaknesses of student text markings. The following annotate/underline principles are effective for students: (1) use pen or pencil rather than yellow highlighters, (2) think in terms of test preparation, (3) annotate or paraphrase during reading, (4) underline after reading and annotating, and (5) review annotations regularly. And you dont need to install anything to do this either. Smort enables you to change the article contents itself, remove entire paragraphs or images, add text, etc. Below it, you’ll see buttons for highlighting text, adding text, using a highlighter tool and the pen tool, and a lot more. Smort (Web): Annotate and Edit Articles to Share With Friends Most annotation apps will only let you add highlights, sticky notes, and comments to the article. ![]() Students can be taught to read and mark text in order to separate key ideas from unimportant facts and to identify examples and applications. Here, make sure that the Annotate tab is selected. Annotating/underlining serves a dual function: students can isolate key ideas at the time of the initial reading and then study those ideas later as they prepare for tests. In elementary grade levels, we introduce annotating text to teach and model for students how to break apart text and think deeply about what they are reading. ![]() Of all the effective strategies available to college developmental reading students, annotating (noting important ideas or examples in text margins) and underlining have the widest appeal among students and the most practical application in any course.
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